The world economy, or global economy, generally refers to the economy, which is based on economies of all of the world's countries, national economies. Also global economy can be seen as the economy of global society
and national economies – as economies of local societies, making the
global one. It can be evaluated in various kind of ways. For instance,
depending on the model used, the valuation that is arrived at can be
represented in a certain currency, such as 2006 US dollars or 2005 euros.
It is inseparable from the geography and ecology of Earth,
and is therefore somewhat of a misnomer, since, while definitions and
representations of the "world economy" vary widely, they must at a
minimum exclude any consideration of resources or value based outside of
the Earth.
For example, while attempts could be made to calculate the value of
currently unexploited mining opportunities in unclaimed territory in Antarctica, the same opportunities on Mars
would not be considered a part of the world economy—even if currently
exploited in some way—and could be considered of latent value only in
the same way as uncreated intellectual property, such as a previously unconceived invention.
Beyond the minimum standard of concerning value in production, use,
and exchange on the planet Earth, definitions, representations, models,
and valuations of the world economy vary widely.
It is common to limit questions of the world economy exclusively to human economic activity,
and the world economy is typically judged in monetary terms, even in
cases in which there is no efficient market to help valuate certain
goods or services, or in cases in which a lack of independent research
or government cooperation makes establishing figures difficult. Typical
examples are illegal drugs and other black market goods, which by any standard are a part of the world economy, but for which there is by definition no legal market of any kind.
However, even in cases in which there is a clear and efficient market
to establish a monetary value, economists do not typically use the
current or official exchange rate to translate the monetary units of
this market into a single unit for the world economy, since exchange
rates typically do not closely reflect worldwide value, for example in cases where the volume or price of transactions is closely regulated by the government.
Rather, market valuations in a local currency are typically translated to a single monetary unit using the idea of purchasing power. This is the method used below, which is used for estimating worldwide economic activity in terms of real US dollars
or euros. However, the world economy can be evaluated and expressed in
many more ways. It is unclear, for example, how many of the world's 6.8 billion people have most of their economic activity reflected in these valuations.
In 2011, the largest economies in the world with more than $2 trillion, €1.25 trillion by nominal GDP are the United States, China, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and Italy. The largest economies in the world with more than $2 trillion, €1.25 trillion by GDP (PPP) are the United States, China, Japan, India, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and France
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_economy .
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق